In the object-oriented approach, the focus is on capturing the structure and behavior of information systems into small modules that combines both data and process. The main aim of Object Oriented Design (OOD) is to improve the quality and productivity of system analysis and design by making it more usable.
Object Oriented Modeling And Design With Uml Solution Pdf 29l
In analysis phase, OO models are used to fill the gap between problem and solution. It performs well in situation where systems are undergoing continuous design, adaption, and maintenance. It identifies the objects in problem domain, classifying them in terms of data and behavior.
Encapsulation is a process of information hiding. It is simply the combination of process and data into a single entity. Data of an object is hidden from the rest of the system and available only through the services of the class. It allows improvement or modification of methods used by objects without affecting other parts of a system.
UML is a visual language that lets you to model processes, software, and systems to express the design of system architecture. It is a standard language for designing and documenting a system in an object oriented manner that allow technical architects to communicate with developer.
The objective of UML is to provide a common vocabulary of object-oriented terms and diagramming techniques that is rich enough to model any systems development project from analysis through implementation.
The objective of this phase is to design and refine the classes, attributes, methods, and structures that are identified during the analysis phase, user interface, and data access. This phase also identifies and defines the additional classes or objects that support implementation of the requirement.
RAD is a set of tools and techniques that can be used to build an application faster than typically possible with traditional methods. It does not replace SDLC but complements it, since it focuses more on process description and can be combined perfectly with the object oriented approach.
2. Object-Oriented Analysis : Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) is a technical approach generally used for analyzing and application designing, system designing, or even business designing just by applying object-oriented programming even with the use of visual modeling throughout the process of development to just simply guide the stakeholder communication and quality of the product. it is actually a process of discovery where a team of developers understands and models all the requirements of the system.
Health information systems are increasingly sophisticated and developing them is a challenge for software developers. Software engineers usually make use of UML as a standard model language that allows defining health information system entities and their relations. However, working with health system requires learning HL7 standards, that defines and manages standards related to health information systems. HL7 standards are varied, however this work focusses on v2 and v3 since these are the most used one on the area that this work is being conducted. This works aims to allow modeling HL7 standard by using UML.
By using this approach, a software engineer without any previous knowledge about HL7 would be able to solve the problem of modeling HL7-based health information systems. Reducing the learning curve when working in projects that need HL7 standards.
Software engineers usually work by using UML to define the projects. UML is a standard model language proposed by the OMG (Object Management Group). This organization promotes the use of object-oriented technologies through the creation and preservation of guidelines, standards, and specifications. MDE (Model-Driven Engineering) is a paradigm that focuses on the creation and operation of domain models. A domain model is a conceptual model that describes entities, attributes, roles, relations and restrictions associated with the domain of the problem. It describes concepts dealing with the nature of the problem, instead of describing concepts related to software systems. It helps software engineers to decouple representation by focusing on the concepts. A metamodel is a model that describes the concepts used in a specific domain model [5, 6]. MDE is used in this study since this paradigm has been used successfully in many other research topics e.g. business process management [7], and in software testing area [8, 9] among others.
Therefore, in this research work we have been carrying out the research under the hypothesis of providing software engineers a solution that allows them to design their domain models proposals to develop health information systems by means of systematically using UML notation. Thus, in a transparent way, these representations could take part in health information systems that are conform to HL7. For this purpose, we propose the use of the MDE paradigm.
In conclusion, along this study we will offer a solution consisting in using MDE to solve the problem of designing domain models according to HL7, using an UML-based interface to reduce the learning curve and cost that this problem involves.
This paper is structured as follows. After this introduction, Section 2 describes the background together with the problem and justifies the proposed solution. Then, Sections 3 and 4 explain the methodology used and the results obtained, respectively. To finish, Section 5 supplies further discussion and Section 6 states final conclusions.
Although HL7 is an organization that places strong emphasis on interoperability standards, most of the HL7 V3 standards have been designed using a language with graphical code specific to HL7. Lots of researchers from the scientific community have identified the need of using HL7 in the MDE context to have model support tools or testing tools among others at their disposal [13,14,15,16].
Learning curve. UML is a standard to model well known and used software systems. Most of HL7 models are designed following their own graphical model language, which is known and used by HL7 members and software engineers who eventually have worked with HL7 standards. Some HL7 models are not modeled in a graphical way, but in texts and large documents. Therefore, software engineers, face up a bigger learning curve at designing a health system based on HL7 than designing an UML domain model.
Usability. Tools that allow working with HL7 standards are limited and less usable than tools that use a standardized model language, as they explicitly use the semantics of HL7. On the other hand, there are lots of tools to design systems using UML, which are more usable because the software engineer is more familiar with their semantics. If an engineer designs a healthcare computing system using of a tool that conforms to both UML elements and HL7 elements in a straightforward way, the usability of the tool will increase.
Consequently, the need of providing software engineers with a reference framework that let them approach these two standards is shown in this solution: UML general-purpose model language and HL7 standards, through the MDE paradigm.
The current research line contributes to the academic field with a reference framework composed of three basic pillars that offer the following added value to the existent scientific base. Our methodology. It is a procedure to design HL7 domain models in a health area software project with an UML-based interface. The HL7-based model language, that is the language that extends UML for modelling health information systems by HL7 standards. And derivation mechanisms. Key element to enhance interoperability among standards and ease systems maintenance and extension.
Figure 14 shows the global architecture of MoDHE Suite tool, including UML profile developed in EA together with constraints, transformations and user interface implemented in C# language. The result is a COM object, i.e. a DLL file, that manages the use of constraints and transformations on a set of UML profiles developed with the MDG Technologies of Enterprise Architect.
The functional validation performed consisted in designing HL7 models in Prevensalud scenario using the UML interface, that MoDHE Suite tool offers. This validation was carried out by comparing the generated HL7 CDA model with the HL7 CDA model used in the project.
IWT2 successfully presents, as one of the main strategic lines, the combination of the MDE paradigm with information management in numerous contexts, with the aim to cope with the identified needs. Working in a research line dealing with applying the MDE paradigm allows harmonizing proposals and approaches. In consequence, the results of a research work support the hypothesis of subsequent research works, thus progressing jointly. As one of the main goals of this research lines we can point out the need to offer solutions in the health engineering framework. This goal is accomplished in a way that let the software engineer develop solid and maintainable health information systems through the MDE paradigm.
For years, lots of health information systems were developed designing HL7-based domain models, without any supporting methodology that guarantee conformity of these domain models in the use of HL7 standards.
MAO and AMG did a major contribution in writing the manuscript and interpretation of the data. CLP and MJE supported this contribution with their guidance during the conceptualization and design of the proposal. FJDM did his major contribution during the draft and design of the article. Everyone has supported this research with continuous reviewing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This course takes Java beginners to the next level by covering object-oriented analysis and design. You will discover how to create modular, flexible, and reusable software, by applying object-oriented design principles and guidelines. And, you will be able to communicate these designs in a visual notation known as Unified Modelling Language (UML). 2ff7e9595c
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